Pulse-width modulation

• Calibrate flow meter in manual with nozzles operating at full capacity (100 per cent duty cycle).

• Ensure density setting is on 1.

• Measure the output against the rate-controller flow rate (litres per minute), or disconnect the hose to a single section and accurately measure or weigh the output.

Multi-step sprayers

• Use the test speed function and volume (L/hectare) to make the sprayer operate at the desired pressure at the nozzle to check the nozzle outputs.

• Adjust test speeds to ensure each step is activated and operated at a known pressure to check nozzle outputs.

Twin-fluid sprayers

• Check nozzle flow outputs with the air on as this may affect liquid flow through some nozzles.

•   Always check the nozzle outputs using the weight of the spray solution, rather than volume, as the spray solution after leaving the nozzle may include a lot of air in it.